Diamond comes from the Greek word “adamas” meaning invincible. It is crystallized carbon, the only gem composed of a single element. It is the hardest natural material known to man and the third-hardest known material after aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahard fullerite. Its hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry.
The most popular diamonds are traditionally colorless, but they can also be found in yellow and brown colors. Although much rarer, diamonds known as “fancies” also come in blue, red, pink, green, orange and black. They make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, Borazon, ultrahard fullerite, or aggregated diamond nanorods, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre. On Mohs’ scale of hardness, diamond is the world’s hardest substance at 10. 1 is the softest and 10 is the hardest.
People before already used diamonds as their gift to other noble people. The first recorded diamond engagement ring was on 1477, when Archduke Maximillian gave his betrothed a ring set with a diamond as a love token.
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The composition of diamond is "carbon" with presence of 1%-2% nitrogen and sometimes boron. The position of nitrogen and boron in the atomic structure of diamond decides its color. Generally nitrogen gives yellow to brown color while boron gives blue color.
Due to the wide presence of diamond simulants in trade it has always been a curiosity for diamond holder on how to identify if they possess a real diamond?
There are basically 2 popular and main simulant in market. One of them is American diamond which is also known as "C.Z.", "Zirconia", "Synthetic Cubic Zirconia" and "Signity". The identification of real diamond from American diamond can be made with read through test where a RBC (round brilliant cut) diamond is kept table down on a written matter (a line or a point is enough) and viewed above the girdle (pavilion facet) will not exhibit read through effect whereas American diamond will exhibit read through effect.
Another popular simulant is "synthetic mossanite". It comes only in shade of yellow to brown. So you should not worry about it when you buy a white diamond. Anyway, in "synthetic mossanite" when viewed from kite facet towards culet, the culet of "synthetic mossanite" will appear dobule, this effect is known as doubling.
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